There are two ways you can take deductions: you can itemize deductions or use the standard deduction.
Deductions reduce the amount of your taxable income.
The standard deduction amount varies depending on your income, age and filing status, and changes each year.
Certain taxpayers cannot use the standard deduction:
• A married individual filing as married filing separately whose spouse itemizes deductions.
• An individual who files a tax return for a period of less than 12 months because of a change in his or her annual accounting period.
• An individual who was a nonresident alien or a dual-status alien during the year.
Nonresident aliens who are married to a U.S. citizen or resident alien at the end of the year and who choose to be treated as U.S. residents for tax purposes can take the standard deduction. For additional information, refer to Publication 519, U.S. Tax Guide for Aliens.
• An estate or trust, common trust fund, and partnership; see Code Section 63(c)(6)(D) at Law.cornell.edu.
You should itemize deductions if your allowable itemized deductions are greater than your standard deduction or if you must itemize deductions because you cannot use the standard deduction.
You may be able to reduce your tax by itemizing deductions on Form 1040, Schedule A (PDF).
Itemized deductions include amounts you paid for state and local income or sales taxes, real estate taxes, personal property taxes, mortgage interest, and disaster losses.
You may also include gifts to charity and part of the amount you paid for medical and dental expenses.
You would usually benefit by itemizing on Form 1040, Schedule A (PDF), Itemized Deductions, if you:
• Cannot use the standard deduction
• Had large uninsured medical and dental expenses
• Paid interest or taxes on your home
• Had large unreimbursed employee business expenses
• Had large uninsured casualty or theft losses, or
• Made large charitable contributions
Your itemized deductions may be limited and your total itemized deductions may be phased out (reduced) if your adjusted gross income for 2014 exceeds the following threshold amounts for your filing status:
• Single – $254,200
• Married filing jointly or qualifying widow(er) – $305,050
• Married filing separately – $152,525
• Head of household – $279,650
